Other Name(s) Akita Americain, Akita Americano, Akita Inu, Akita Ken, American Akita, Amerikanischer Akita, Great Japanese Dog, Japanese Akita
Breed Type Pure
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Breed Spotlight
Origins
The Akita dog breed is believed to be a descendant of the ancient and now extinct Matagi Inu dogs, which were dogs used for hunting wild boar, Sitka deer, and Asian black bear by the Matagi and other northern native people of Japan. It is believed that these dogs were used for centuries and originally developed from ancient spitz dogs brought to the northernmost area of Japan at a time when a land or ice bridge connected the now-island country to Eastern Europe. These dogs were described as medium-sized spitz-like dogs. DNA studies have found that the Asian spitz breeds, including the Akita, as well as the Shiba Inu, Chow Chows, and Chinese Shar Peis, are among the most ancient breeds still in existence.
Japan has had a complicated relationship with its dog breeds. At times, the country has shown a great deal of effort to ensure the preservation of its native dog breeds. However, there have also been instances of countrywide breed and landrace eradication. The Akita has historically been both a victim and a beneficiary of his native country’s vacillating attitudes toward dogs. In the seventh century, a dog keepers office was established to preserve the purity of native Japanese dogs.
As Japanese society and culture progressed, agriculture replaced hunter-gatherer cultures, and the Akita’s ancestors were used less for hunting and more for guarding homes and property. Eventually, the dogs found their way into the horrific spectator sport of dog fighting, which became prominent throughout Japan and much of Europe in the 20th century. To create a more impressive fighting dog, the Akita was crossed with European and Asian mastiffs— including the ancestors of today’s Tosa Inu, Great Danes, Saint Bernards, and English Mastiff—resulting in a dog that was far more superior in substance, bone, and size.
During the early 20th century, the Japanese government and many nationals took the preservation of their native breeds very seriously. In 1931 the name “Akita” was assigned to Matagi Inu descendants of the Akita Prefecture and surrounding areas. It was also during this time that the Akita, as well as several other Japanese native breeds, were recognized and declared a natural monument by the Japanese government. The Akita Inu Hozankai was formed to guide breeders using guidelines to further preserve the breed. In 1934 the official standard was written. The original Akita colors include only brindle, red fawn, sesame, and white, with all other colors being considered incorrect.
Unfortunately, preservation efforts were thwarted by World War I and World War II when the numbers of many native Japanese dog breeds were decimated. To make matters worse, the Japanese government switched from preserving native breeds to mandating that all non-military dogs be exterminated so their furs could be used to clothe the Japanese military. The only dogs exempt from this mandate were German Shepherds, which were used by the military. Desperate efforts to save the breed resulted in breeders crossing their dogs to the German Shepherds to prevent them from having their fur harvested. As a result of this, three very distinct types of dogs emerged and could be found in the Akita regions and surrounding areas: the original Matagi (which were very few in number), the large fighting Matagi cross (bred for the fighting ring), and the Matagi German Shepherd crosses.
After World War II, the breed began to split into the two distinct types observed today. Shortly after World War II, the Japanese began restoration efforts to once again protect and preserve their heritage breeds. Five independent organizations that each recognized the Akita breed with differing standards came together and determined the original Matagi Inu type of Akita as the true Akita, with the other larger crosses being incorrect. The remaining Matagi Inu Akitas were collected from rural areas and towns throughout the country, and the breed began to make a steady recovery.
American soldiers were partial to the large, bear-like fighting Akita and German Shepherd Akitas. These dogs were also more readily available due to the fact that they possessed coat colors and patterns not favored by the Japanese people. The American servicemen brought many of these large, colorful Akita dogs with them back to America. These dogs were used to establish the breed in America. Once in America, breeders and enthusiasts embraced the large type Akitas over the Matagi types that were later imported. In fact, the breed was eventually known as the Japanese Fighting Akita.
The two types have become so divergent that many organizations consider them separate breeds. Japanese Akitas are lighter in substance and bone, squarely proportioned, and leggier with more tuck-up and narrower, even skull-to-muzzle ratios. They also may only come in the traditional four colors. The Japanese dogs resemble large Shiba Inus, which are very close relatives. The American Akitas are heavier and more substantial, with heavier bone and overall mass. They have shorter muzzles in comparison to the skull and are relatively rectangular in proportion. They may come in any color, including piebald, which is referred to as “pinto” in the breed. They may also have masks, which are forbidden in the Japanese Akitas.
Breed Characteristics
Head: American Akita: Substantial, broad throughout, but in proportion to the size of the dog. Mesaticephalic in type. Forms a blunt wedge when viewed from the front or from above. The topskull is broad, as wide (from side to side measured in front of the ears) as long (from occiput to stop). It appears flat when viewed from the front. In profile, the head may be flat or just slightly arched from well-developed muscles. The head is well-muscled throughout, with pronounced cheeks and well-formed temporal muscles that create a median furrow that starts at the stop and runs up toward the occiput. The head is clean-cut but may show wrinkles on the forehead when the dog is brought to alert.
Japanese Akita: The head is of moderate size and in proportion to the entire body. Mesaticephalic in type is wedge-shaped when viewed from above or in profile. The topskull is broad, as wide (from side to side measured in front of the ears) as long (from occiput to stop). It appears somewhat flat when viewed from the front. The head is well-muscled throughout, with pronounced cheeks and well-formed temporal muscles that create a median furrow that starts at the stop and runs up toward the occiput. The head is clean-cut and free of wrinkles.
Eyes: American Akita: The eyes are moderate in size but appear relatively smaller in comparison to the head size and substance. They are deeply set and triangular in shape. The eye rims are tightly fitted and darkly pigmented. Eye color ranges from medium brown to dark brown. The eyes are never bulging, large, or rounded. There should be sufficient bone in the surrounding orbital sockets to protect the eyes.
Japanese Akita: The eyes are somewhat small to moderate in size but appear relatively small in comparison to the overall head features. They are triangular in shape and obliquely set, with outer corners set higher than the inner corners. They are set moderately apart, with darkly pigmented and tightly fitted eye rims. The eye color may range from amber or yellow to dark brown. The eyes are never bulging, large, or rounded. There should be sufficient bone in the surrounding orbital sockets to protect the eyes.
Ears: American Akita: The ears are triangular in shape, relatively small, and firmly erect with slightly rounded tips. They are set wide apart but not low on the skull. They are carried with the tips slightly forward, with the ears' curve in line with the curve of the back of the neck. Ears should never be large, dropped, broken, or set high on the skull. Properly sized and positioned ear tips will just touch the edge of the upper rim of the eye when folded forward.
Japanese Akita: The ears are relatively small, thick, and triangular, being wider at the base and tapering to slightly rounded tips. They are set moderately apart but not low on the skull. They are firmly pricked yet slanted forward, with the tips inclined toward the eyes.
Muzzle: Just slightly shorter than the topskull. The muzzle is full, deep, and broad. The plane, or bridge of the muzzle, is straight. The upper and lower jaws are equal in length, have good bone substance, are strong, well-developed, and never appear snipey or weak. The muzzle is slightly tapered from the base to the end.
Nose: The nose is large, broad, well-pigmented, and black, or self-colored, according to the coat in the non-standard colored varieties. The nostrils are well-opened. Faded noses are permissible on white dogs.
Neck: American Akita: Moderate length to allow for proud head carriage, powerfully muscled with a slight arch. The neck tapers smoothly from the deeper and broader body toward the head. The neck is clean-cut, without excess skin, throatiness, or dewlap.
Japanese Akita: Moderate length to allow for proud head carriage, strongly muscled with a slight arch. The neck tapers smoothly from the deeper and broader body toward the head. The neck is clean-cut, without excess skin, throatiness, or dewlap.
Chest: Deep and broad but never wider than deep. The brisket extends to the point of the elbows.
Body: American Akita: Compact, solid, and good substance. The body is well-put-together, substantial, and powerfully muscled. It is never slight of bone or rangy. The width at the forequarters is approximately equal to the width at the hindquarters.
Japanese Akita: The body is sturdy, balanced, and well-muscled with moderate bone. It is never slight of bone or rangy. The width at the forequarters is approximately equal to the width at the hindquarters.
Feet: Oval to round, compact, with well-arched toes and tough pads.
Tail: Set high on the croup, thick at the base, and tapering toward the tip. Carried in accordance with the dog’s mood and energy level, but never tucked. The tail is of a medium length, with the tip of the last vertebrae extending to the hock joints when held down. The tail is carried curved or curled over the back.
Movement: American Akita: Powerful, brisk, energetic, effortless, efficient, agile, and resilient. The characteristics of a healthy structure are evident. When moving away, the forelegs and rear pasterns should remain parallel to one another. When viewing movement from the front, the forelegs should remain parallel, with elbows and paws moving neither moving in nor out. From the rear, the back pads should be visible when the rear legs are extended. As speed increases, the forelimbs and hindlimbs will converge to the center line of gravity. From the side, the topline should remain firm and level. Good reach of movement in the front allows the forepaw to extend out in line with the nose. When extended, the width between the forefeet should be approximately equal to the width between the hindfeet when extended, indicating balance, good reach, and a good drive. Dogs that exhibit any sign of breathing or locomotive difficulty shall be disqualified from the show ring.
Japanese Akita: Powerful, brisk, energetic, effortless, efficient, agile, and resilient. The characteristics of a healthy structure are evident. When moving away, the forelegs and rear pasterns should remain parallel to one another. When viewing movement from the front, the forelegs should remain parallel, with elbows and paws moving neither in nor out. From the rear, the back pads should be visible when the rear legs are extended. As speed increases, the forelimbs and hindlimbs will converge to the center line of gravity. From the side, the topline should remain firm and level. Good reach of movement in the front allows the forepaw to extend out in line with the nose. When extended, the width between the forefeet should be approximately equal to the width between the hindfeet when extended, indicating balance, good reach, and a good drive. Dogs that exhibit any sign of breathing or locomotive difficulty shall be disqualified from the show ring.
Temperament: Both are dignified and independent thinkers. They nobly keep watch of all they survey and deem “their” property. Fiercely loyal and courageous, they make excellent companions and watchdogs. While breeding for tolerance and acceptance of people and other dogs has been one of the improvements that Akita breeders have strived for, some individuals may be prone to intraspecific and same-sex aggression if early socialization and obedience are not implemented. The Akita is an immensely intelligent breed, so long as the subject they are being taught interests them. Otherwise, they can become disinterested, which many people consider “stubborn.” Keeping tasks and activities interesting, motivating, and engaging is certain to gain their attention and compliance. While devoted and loyal to their people, they can be notoriously intolerant toward other dogs and animals, possibly displaying indifference or disinterest toward strangers as well. Any unprovoked aggressive or fearful behavior toward people is incorrect for this breed.
Japanese Akita: The Japanese Akita is a docile, self-composed, receptive, and devoted dog breed.
The American Akita was once notoriously known as the Japanese Fighting Akita because it was developed from Akita strains that were used in dog-fighting rings.
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Breed Standard
BREED GROUP 2: Spitz and Nordic Breeds
Proportions: Continental Kennel Club recognizes two types within the Akita breed: traditional Japanese and American. In either type, males should appear masculine, being more substantial in size and mass, while females should appear more feminine and slightly less substantial. Neither should lack overall type.
American Akita: Square to off-square with the length of the body, measured from the point of the forechest to the point of the rump being just slightly greater than the height at the withers. The ideal body height-to-length ratio is between 5:4 and 10:9. Females may be slightly longer. The body is solid, well-put-together, substantial, with sturdy substance, and moderately strong.
Japanese Akita: The Japanese Akita is a large, sturdy, and balanced dog breed. The body is strongly muscled, with moderate bone. It is both agile and athletic for a dog of his size and must never appear heavy in bone or excessive in mass. The body proportions are somewhat square to off-square, with the ideal body length (from the point of the forechest to the point of the rump) to height (measured from withers to ground) being equal or with the body length being just greater than height. The ideal body length-to-height ratios range from 1:1 to 11:10, with females being slightly longer than males. The body is well put together.
The weight of males and females is always in proportion to height.
General Appearance: American Akita: Substantial, broad throughout, but in proportion to the size of the dog. Mesaticephalic in type. Forms a blunt wedge when viewed from the front or from above. The topskull is broad, as wide (from side to side measured in front of the ears) as long (from occiput to stop). It appears flat when viewed from the front. In profile, the head may be flat or just slightly arched from well-developed muscles. The head is well-muscled throughout, with pronounced cheeks and well-formed temporal muscles that create a median furrow that starts at the stop and runs up toward the occiput. The head is clean-cut but may show wrinkles on the forehead when the dog is brought to alert.
Japanese Akita: The head is of moderate size and in proportion to the entire body. Mesaticephalic in type is wedge-shaped when viewed from above or in profile. The topskull is broad, as wide (from side to side measured in front of the ears) as long (from occiput to stop). It appears somewhat flat when viewed from the front. The head is well-muscled throughout, with pronounced cheeks and well-formed temporal muscles that create a median furrow that starts at the stop and runs up toward the occiput. The head is clean-cut and free of wrinkles.
Expression: American Akita: Alert, strong, watchful, self-composed, capable, keen, and intelligent.
Japanese Akita: Dignified, self-composed, noble, keen, alert, watchful, and intelligent.
Stop: American Akita: Well-defined but not abrupt. Japanese Akita: Somewhat defined.
Skull: American Akita: The ideal muzzle-to-skull ratio is 2:3, with the topskull being just longer than the muzzle. The ideal muzzle-to-skull axis is parallel. Japanese Akita: The ideal muzzle-to-skull ratio is 1:1, with the topskull being equal to the muzzle. The ideal muzzle-to-skull axis is parallel.
Muzzle: Just slightly shorter than the topskull. The muzzle is full, deep, and broad. The plane, or bridge of the muzzle, is straight. The upper and lower jaws are equal in length, have good bone substance, are strong, well-developed, and never appear snipey or weak. The muzzle is slightly tapered from the base to the end.
Lips or Flews: The lips are clean and well-fitted over the teeth and jaws. They are never pendulous or loose. They allow for a blunt, wedge-shaped muzzle.
Nose: The nose is large, broad, well-pigmented, and black, or self-colored, according to the coat in the non-standard colored varieties. The nostrils are well-opened. Faded noses are permissible on white dogs.
Cheeks: American Akita: Powerful and well-developed. The cheeks give the head its broad, powerful appearance and wedge shape. The cheeks should not appear chiseled or coarse.
Japanese Akita: The cheeks are moderately developed and powerful. The cheeks should not appear chiseled or coarse.
Dentition and Bite: Forty-two strong, clean, and white teeth. The bite may be level or scissor. Contact must be made between the top and bottom incisors. Missing or broken teeth due to routine work are not to be penalized.
Eyes: American Akita: The eyes are moderate in size but appear relatively smaller in comparison to the head size and substance. They are deeply set and triangular in shape. The eye rims are tightly fitted and darkly pigmented. Eye color ranges from medium brown to dark brown. The eyes are never bulging, large, or rounded. There should be sufficient bone in the surrounding orbital sockets to protect the eyes.
Japanese Akita: The eyes are somewhat small to moderate in size but appear relatively small in comparison to the overall head features. They are triangular in shape and obliquely set, with outer corners set higher than the inner corners. They are set moderately apart, with darkly pigmented and tightly fitted eye rims. The eye color may range from amber or yellow to dark brown. The eyes are never bulging, large, or rounded. There should be sufficient bone in the surrounding orbital sockets to protect the eyes.
Ears: American Akita: The ears are triangular in shape, relatively small, and firmly erect with slightly rounded tips. They are set wide apart but not low on the skull. They are carried with the tips slightly forward, with the ears' curve in line with the curve of the back of the neck. Ears should never be large, dropped, broken, or set high on the skull. Properly sized and positioned ear tips will just touch the edge of the upper rim of the eye when folded forward.
Japanese Akita: The ears are relatively small, thick, and triangular, being wider at the base and tapering to slightly rounded tips. They are set moderately apart but not low on the skull. They are firmly pricked yet slanted forward, with the tips inclined toward the eyes.
Body and Tail
General Description: American Akita: Compact, solid, and good substance. The body is well-put-together, substantial, and powerfully muscled. It is never slight of bone or rangy. The width at the forequarters is approximately equal to the width at the hindquarters.
Japanese Akita: The body is sturdy, balanced, and well-muscled with moderate bone. It is never slight of bone or rangy. The width at the forequarters is approximately equal to the width at the hindquarters.
Neck: American Akita: Moderate length to allow for proud head carriage, powerfully muscled with a slight arch. The neck tapers smoothly from the deeper and broader body toward the head. The neck is clean-cut, without excess skin, throatiness, or dewlap.
Japanese Akita: Moderate length to allow for proud head carriage, strongly muscled with a slight arch. The neck tapers smoothly from the deeper and broader body toward the head. The neck is clean-cut, without excess skin, throatiness, or dewlap.
Chest: Deep and broad but never wider than deep. The brisket extends to the point of the elbows.
Topline: Level from withers to croup. The back is short, broad, strongly muscled, and straight, yet supple. The loin is short, firm, and strong. The topline is never swayed or roached.
Croup: The croup is powerful, well-muscled, and may be level with the topline or just slightly (almost imperceptibly) sloped.
Underline: American Akita: A slight to moderate tuck-up may be present, or the underline may run parallel to the topline. The underline is taut and firm, without any indication of sagging or excess weight.
Japanese Akita: The underline is moderately well-drawn but never wasp-wasted or excessively drawn in. The underline is taut and firm, without any indication of sagging or excess weight.
Ribs: Long, well-sprung, well-laid-back, oval-shaped, never barrel-chested or slab-sided.
Tail: Set high on the croup, thick at the base, and tapering toward the tip. Carried in accordance with the dog’s mood and energy level, but never tucked. The tail is of a medium length, with the tip of the last vertebrae extending to the hock joints when held down. The tail is carried curved or curled over the back.
Forequarters and Hindquarters
Forequarters: The forequarters are always balanced with the hindquarters and well-angulated with well-laid-back shoulder blades. Shoulder blades are approximately equal in length to the upper arm and forearm.
Elbows: The elbows are close to the body. The point of the elbows is approximately half the dog’s height at the withers.
Forelegs: American Akita: Frontal View: Straight, of good muscle, somewhat heavy bone, and parallel to one another. Side View: The forelimbs appear straight with strong patterns.
Japanese Akita: Frontal View: Straight, of good muscle, moderate bone, and parallel to one another. Side View: The forelimbs appear straight with strong pasterns.
Pasterns: Never weak or broken.
Hindquarters: American Akita: The upper and lower thighs are equal in length, strong, sturdy, of somewhat heavy bone, and well-muscled. Rear View: When viewed from the rear, the rear pasterns are parallel to one another. Side View: Good angulation will allow the rear toes to align with the point of the rump or within one to two paw-lengths behind the point of the rump, with the rear pasterns remaining perpendicular to the ground and parallel to one another.
Japanese Akita: The upper and lower thighs are equal in length, strong, sturdy, of moderate bone, and well-muscled. Rear View: When viewed from the rear, the rear pasterns are parallel to one another. Side View: Good angulation will allow the rear toes to align with the point of the rump, or within one paw-length behind the point of the rump, with the rear pasterns remaining perpendicular to the ground and parallel to one another.
Stifle Joint: Well-angulated with a good bend to well-let-down rear patterns.
Angulations: The angulation of the hindquarters is always balanced with the angulation of the forequarters.
Feet: Oval to round, compact, with well-arched toes and tough pads.
Coat
Skin: American Akita: The skin is well-fitted and pliant, never appearing saggy or loose. It should allow for some flexibility without obscuring the outline of the dog.
Japanese Akita: The skin is tightly fitted throughout.
Coat Type: Harsh, straight, weather-resistant outer coat with a soft, dense undercoat. The hair on the head, the ears, and the lower legs are shorter. The hair on the withers and rump is slightly longer (approximately two inches). The hair on the tail is the longest and most profuse. Never with a profuse ruff or feathering.
Coat Color or Pattern: American Akita: CKC recognizes two color varieties of the American Akita breed: the standard and the nonstandard. Standard coat color variety: Any solid color ranging from light silvery cream, red, or dark brownish red, all with or without a black mask (called fawn). Various shades of brindle, ranging from sparse light brindle to medium to heavy or reversed brindle. Various shades of sable ranging from light (with black overlay) to dark or seal, all with silver, cream, or red undercoat, all with silver or black overlay, solid colors black, all with or without white markings covering less than one-third of the body (pinto), markings on the head and less than one-third of the body (called hooded), solid white, or white with silver, cream, red, silver, or black overlay. All with or without white markings (urajiro or sesame), all with or without a black mask and mask extension overlay. Non-standard coat color variety: Liver, blue, silver, Isabella solids, sables, brindles, fawns; all with or without white points (urajiro) or creams or tans with the non-standard colored masks and mask extensions (fawn), overlays with listed non-standard colors.
Japanese Akita: Black, goma sesame (black sable with white points), red sesame (red, clear sable with white points), brindle, and solid white. All colors must have urajiro (white points). White patches are not permissible.
Movement
American Akita: Powerful, brisk, energetic, effortless, efficient, agile, and resilient. The characteristics of a healthy structure are evident. When moving away, the forelegs and rear pasterns should remain parallel to one another. When viewing movement from the front, the forelegs should remain parallel, with elbows and paws moving neither moving in nor out. From the rear, the back pads should be visible when the rear legs are extended. As speed increases, the forelimbs and hindlimbs will converge to the center line of gravity. From the side, the topline should remain firm and level. Good reach of movement in the front allows the forepaw to extend out in line with the nose. When extended, the width between the forefeet should be approximately equal to the width between the hindfeet when extended, indicating balance, good reach, and a good drive. Dogs that exhibit any sign of breathing or locomotive difficulty shall be disqualified from the show ring. Japanese Akita: Powerful, brisk, energetic, effortless, efficient, agile, and resilient. The characteristics of a healthy structure are evident. When moving away, the forelegs and rear pasterns should remain parallel to one another. When viewing movement from the front, the forelegs should remain parallel, with elbows and paws moving neither in nor out. From the rear, the back pads should be visible when the rear legs are extended. As speed increases, the forelimbs and hindlimbs will converge to the center line of gravity. From the side, the topline should remain firm and level. Good reach of movement in the front allows the forepaw to extend out in line with the nose. When extended, the width between the forefeet should be approximately equal to the width between the hindfeet when extended, indicating balance, good reach, and a good drive. Dogs that exhibit any sign of breathing or locomotive difficulty shall be disqualified from the show ring.
Temperament
Both are dignified and independent thinkers. They nobly keep watch of all they survey and deem “their” property. Fiercely loyal and courageous, they make excellent companions and watchdogs. While breeding for tolerance and acceptance of people and other dogs has been one of the improvements that Akita breeders have strived for, some individuals may be prone to intraspecific and same-sex aggression if early socialization and obedience are not implemented. The Akita is an immensely intelligent breed, so long as the subject they are being taught interests them. Otherwise, they can become disinterested, which many people consider “stubborn.” Keeping tasks and activities interesting, motivating, and engaging is certain to gain their attention and compliance. While devoted and loyal to their people, they can be notoriously intolerant toward other dogs and animals, possibly displaying indifference or disinterest toward strangers as well. Any unprovoked aggressive or fearful behavior toward people is incorrect for this breed. Japanese Akita: The Japanese Akita is a docile, self-composed, receptive, and devoted dog breed. The American Akita was once notoriously known as the Japanese Fighting Akita because it was developed from Akita strains that were used in dog-fighting rings.
Faults
All dogs should be in proper healthy condition, free from disease or defect. Any departure from this description is considered a fault. Unless altered, all male dogs should have two fully descended testicles.
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Breed Standard
BREED GROUP 2: Spitz and Nordic Breeds
Proportions: Continental Kennel Club recognizes two types within the Akita breed: traditional Japanese and American. In either type, males should appear masculine, being more substantial in size and mass, while females should appear more feminine and slightly less substantial. Neither should lack overall type.
American Akita: Square to off-square with the length of the body, measured from the point of the forechest to the point of the rump being just slightly greater than the height at the withers. The ideal body height-to-length ratio is between 5:4 and 10:9. Females may be slightly longer. The body is solid, well-put-together, substantial, with sturdy substance, and moderately strong.
Japanese Akita: The Japanese Akita is a large, sturdy, and balanced dog breed. The body is strongly muscled, with moderate bone. It is both agile and athletic for a dog of his size and must never appear heavy in bone or excessive in mass. The body proportions are somewhat square to off-square, with the ideal body length (from the point of the forechest to the point of the rump) to height (measured from withers to ground) being equal or with the body length being just greater than height. The ideal body length-to-height ratios range from 1:1 to 11:10, with females being slightly longer than males. The body is well put together.
The weight of males and females is always in proportion to height.
General Appearance: American Akita: Substantial, broad throughout, but in proportion to the size of the dog. Mesaticephalic in type. Forms a blunt wedge when viewed from the front or from above. The topskull is broad, as wide (from side to side measured in front of the ears) as long (from occiput to stop). It appears flat when viewed from the front. In profile, the head may be flat or just slightly arched from well-developed muscles. The head is well-muscled throughout, with pronounced cheeks and well-formed temporal muscles that create a median furrow that starts at the stop and runs up toward the occiput. The head is clean-cut but may show wrinkles on the forehead when the dog is brought to alert.
Japanese Akita: The head is of moderate size and in proportion to the entire body. Mesaticephalic in type is wedge-shaped when viewed from above or in profile. The topskull is broad, as wide (from side to side measured in front of the ears) as long (from occiput to stop). It appears somewhat flat when viewed from the front. The head is well-muscled throughout, with pronounced cheeks and well-formed temporal muscles that create a median furrow that starts at the stop and runs up toward the occiput. The head is clean-cut and free of wrinkles.
Expression: American Akita: Alert, strong, watchful, self-composed, capable, keen, and intelligent.
Japanese Akita: Dignified, self-composed, noble, keen, alert, watchful, and intelligent.
Stop: American Akita: Well-defined but not abrupt. Japanese Akita: Somewhat defined.
Skull: American Akita: The ideal muzzle-to-skull ratio is 2:3, with the topskull being just longer than the muzzle. The ideal muzzle-to-skull axis is parallel. Japanese Akita: The ideal muzzle-to-skull ratio is 1:1, with the topskull being equal to the muzzle. The ideal muzzle-to-skull axis is parallel.
Muzzle: Just slightly shorter than the topskull. The muzzle is full, deep, and broad. The plane, or bridge of the muzzle, is straight. The upper and lower jaws are equal in length, have good bone substance, are strong, well-developed, and never appear snipey or weak. The muzzle is slightly tapered from the base to the end.
Lips or Flews: The lips are clean and well-fitted over the teeth and jaws. They are never pendulous or loose. They allow for a blunt, wedge-shaped muzzle.
Nose: The nose is large, broad, well-pigmented, and black, or self-colored, according to the coat in the non-standard colored varieties. The nostrils are well-opened. Faded noses are permissible on white dogs.
Cheeks: American Akita: Powerful and well-developed. The cheeks give the head its broad, powerful appearance and wedge shape. The cheeks should not appear chiseled or coarse.
Japanese Akita: The cheeks are moderately developed and powerful. The cheeks should not appear chiseled or coarse.
Dentition and Bite: Forty-two strong, clean, and white teeth. The bite may be level or scissor. Contact must be made between the top and bottom incisors. Missing or broken teeth due to routine work are not to be penalized.
Eyes: American Akita: The eyes are moderate in size but appear relatively smaller in comparison to the head size and substance. They are deeply set and triangular in shape. The eye rims are tightly fitted and darkly pigmented. Eye color ranges from medium brown to dark brown. The eyes are never bulging, large, or rounded. There should be sufficient bone in the surrounding orbital sockets to protect the eyes.
Japanese Akita: The eyes are somewhat small to moderate in size but appear relatively small in comparison to the overall head features. They are triangular in shape and obliquely set, with outer corners set higher than the inner corners. They are set moderately apart, with darkly pigmented and tightly fitted eye rims. The eye color may range from amber or yellow to dark brown. The eyes are never bulging, large, or rounded. There should be sufficient bone in the surrounding orbital sockets to protect the eyes.
Ears: American Akita: The ears are triangular in shape, relatively small, and firmly erect with slightly rounded tips. They are set wide apart but not low on the skull. They are carried with the tips slightly forward, with the ears' curve in line with the curve of the back of the neck. Ears should never be large, dropped, broken, or set high on the skull. Properly sized and positioned ear tips will just touch the edge of the upper rim of the eye when folded forward.
Japanese Akita: The ears are relatively small, thick, and triangular, being wider at the base and tapering to slightly rounded tips. They are set moderately apart but not low on the skull. They are firmly pricked yet slanted forward, with the tips inclined toward the eyes.
Body and Tail
General Description: American Akita: Compact, solid, and good substance. The body is well-put-together, substantial, and powerfully muscled. It is never slight of bone or rangy. The width at the forequarters is approximately equal to the width at the hindquarters.
Japanese Akita: The body is sturdy, balanced, and well-muscled with moderate bone. It is never slight of bone or rangy. The width at the forequarters is approximately equal to the width at the hindquarters.
Neck: American Akita: Moderate length to allow for proud head carriage, powerfully muscled with a slight arch. The neck tapers smoothly from the deeper and broader body toward the head. The neck is clean-cut, without excess skin, throatiness, or dewlap.
Japanese Akita: Moderate length to allow for proud head carriage, strongly muscled with a slight arch. The neck tapers smoothly from the deeper and broader body toward the head. The neck is clean-cut, without excess skin, throatiness, or dewlap.
Chest: Deep and broad but never wider than deep. The brisket extends to the point of the elbows.
Topline: Level from withers to croup. The back is short, broad, strongly muscled, and straight, yet supple. The loin is short, firm, and strong. The topline is never swayed or roached.
Croup: The croup is powerful, well-muscled, and may be level with the topline or just slightly (almost imperceptibly) sloped.
Underline: American Akita: A slight to moderate tuck-up may be present, or the underline may run parallel to the topline. The underline is taut and firm, without any indication of sagging or excess weight.
Japanese Akita: The underline is moderately well-drawn but never wasp-wasted or excessively drawn in. The underline is taut and firm, without any indication of sagging or excess weight.
Ribs: Long, well-sprung, well-laid-back, oval-shaped, never barrel-chested or slab-sided.
Tail: Set high on the croup, thick at the base, and tapering toward the tip. Carried in accordance with the dog’s mood and energy level, but never tucked. The tail is of a medium length, with the tip of the last vertebrae extending to the hock joints when held down. The tail is carried curved or curled over the back.
Forequarters and Hindquarters
Forequarters: The forequarters are always balanced with the hindquarters and well-angulated with well-laid-back shoulder blades. Shoulder blades are approximately equal in length to the upper arm and forearm.
Elbows: The elbows are close to the body. The point of the elbows is approximately half the dog’s height at the withers.
Forelegs: American Akita: Frontal View: Straight, of good muscle, somewhat heavy bone, and parallel to one another. Side View: The forelimbs appear straight with strong patterns.
Japanese Akita: Frontal View: Straight, of good muscle, moderate bone, and parallel to one another. Side View: The forelimbs appear straight with strong pasterns.
Pasterns: Never weak or broken.
Hindquarters: American Akita: The upper and lower thighs are equal in length, strong, sturdy, of somewhat heavy bone, and well-muscled. Rear View: When viewed from the rear, the rear pasterns are parallel to one another. Side View: Good angulation will allow the rear toes to align with the point of the rump or within one to two paw-lengths behind the point of the rump, with the rear pasterns remaining perpendicular to the ground and parallel to one another.
Japanese Akita: The upper and lower thighs are equal in length, strong, sturdy, of moderate bone, and well-muscled. Rear View: When viewed from the rear, the rear pasterns are parallel to one another. Side View: Good angulation will allow the rear toes to align with the point of the rump, or within one paw-length behind the point of the rump, with the rear pasterns remaining perpendicular to the ground and parallel to one another.
Stifle Joint: Well-angulated with a good bend to well-let-down rear patterns.
Angulations: The angulation of the hindquarters is always balanced with the angulation of the forequarters.
Feet: Oval to round, compact, with well-arched toes and tough pads.
Coat
Skin: American Akita: The skin is well-fitted and pliant, never appearing saggy or loose. It should allow for some flexibility without obscuring the outline of the dog.
Japanese Akita: The skin is tightly fitted throughout.
Coat Type: Harsh, straight, weather-resistant outer coat with a soft, dense undercoat. The hair on the head, the ears, and the lower legs are shorter. The hair on the withers and rump is slightly longer (approximately two inches). The hair on the tail is the longest and most profuse. Never with a profuse ruff or feathering.
Coat Color or Pattern: American Akita: CKC recognizes two color varieties of the American Akita breed: the standard and the nonstandard. Standard coat color variety: Any solid color ranging from light silvery cream, red, or dark brownish red, all with or without a black mask (called fawn). Various shades of brindle, ranging from sparse light brindle to medium to heavy or reversed brindle. Various shades of sable ranging from light (with black overlay) to dark or seal, all with silver, cream, or red undercoat, all with silver or black overlay, solid colors black, all with or without white markings covering less than one-third of the body (pinto), markings on the head and less than one-third of the body (called hooded), solid white, or white with silver, cream, red, silver, or black overlay. All with or without white markings (urajiro or sesame), all with or without a black mask and mask extension overlay. Non-standard coat color variety: Liver, blue, silver, Isabella solids, sables, brindles, fawns; all with or without white points (urajiro) or creams or tans with the non-standard colored masks and mask extensions (fawn), overlays with listed non-standard colors.
Japanese Akita: Black, goma sesame (black sable with white points), red sesame (red, clear sable with white points), brindle, and solid white. All colors must have urajiro (white points). White patches are not permissible.
Movement
American Akita: Powerful, brisk, energetic, effortless, efficient, agile, and resilient. The characteristics of a healthy structure are evident. When moving away, the forelegs and rear pasterns should remain parallel to one another. When viewing movement from the front, the forelegs should remain parallel, with elbows and paws moving neither moving in nor out. From the rear, the back pads should be visible when the rear legs are extended. As speed increases, the forelimbs and hindlimbs will converge to the center line of gravity. From the side, the topline should remain firm and level. Good reach of movement in the front allows the forepaw to extend out in line with the nose. When extended, the width between the forefeet should be approximately equal to the width between the hindfeet when extended, indicating balance, good reach, and a good drive. Dogs that exhibit any sign of breathing or locomotive difficulty shall be disqualified from the show ring. Japanese Akita: Powerful, brisk, energetic, effortless, efficient, agile, and resilient. The characteristics of a healthy structure are evident. When moving away, the forelegs and rear pasterns should remain parallel to one another. When viewing movement from the front, the forelegs should remain parallel, with elbows and paws moving neither in nor out. From the rear, the back pads should be visible when the rear legs are extended. As speed increases, the forelimbs and hindlimbs will converge to the center line of gravity. From the side, the topline should remain firm and level. Good reach of movement in the front allows the forepaw to extend out in line with the nose. When extended, the width between the forefeet should be approximately equal to the width between the hindfeet when extended, indicating balance, good reach, and a good drive. Dogs that exhibit any sign of breathing or locomotive difficulty shall be disqualified from the show ring.
Temperament
Both are dignified and independent thinkers. They nobly keep watch of all they survey and deem “their” property. Fiercely loyal and courageous, they make excellent companions and watchdogs. While breeding for tolerance and acceptance of people and other dogs has been one of the improvements that Akita breeders have strived for, some individuals may be prone to intraspecific and same-sex aggression if early socialization and obedience are not implemented. The Akita is an immensely intelligent breed, so long as the subject they are being taught interests them. Otherwise, they can become disinterested, which many people consider “stubborn.” Keeping tasks and activities interesting, motivating, and engaging is certain to gain their attention and compliance. While devoted and loyal to their people, they can be notoriously intolerant toward other dogs and animals, possibly displaying indifference or disinterest toward strangers as well. Any unprovoked aggressive or fearful behavior toward people is incorrect for this breed. Japanese Akita: The Japanese Akita is a docile, self-composed, receptive, and devoted dog breed. The American Akita was once notoriously known as the Japanese Fighting Akita because it was developed from Akita strains that were used in dog-fighting rings.
Faults
All dogs should be in proper healthy condition, free from disease or defect. Any departure from this description is considered a fault. Unless altered, all male dogs should have two fully descended testicles.
Dog Fact #30
Contrary to popular belief, dogs are not colorblind. Although the makeup of their eyes means that they see fewer colors than humans, they still see colors on a spectrum of yellow to blue.
